Los Callejones: a Roman Republican iron mining and smelting centre in the south east of the Iberian Peninsula
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Published
Nov 13, 2021
Abstract
An iron mining and smelting site dated of the Roman Republican period (1st century BC) has been recently discovered in Almería province, Spain. Archaeometallurgical remains consist of iron ore, smelting and smithing slags, furnace lining fragments and iron blooms. Analyses have been performed using SEM/EDAX and optical microscopy. The ore was very pure goethite. Tapped slags are fayalite-type also containing calcium and manganese, produced in small shaft furnaces of about 500mm in diameter. Calcium-rich sand was used as flux. Analytical results are reviewed in the light of late Iron Age and early Roman iron technology.
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References
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Schrüfer-Kolb I 1999, ‘Roman iron production in the East Midlands, England’, in S M M Young, A M Pollard, P Budd and R A Ixer (eds), Metals in Antiquity (Oxford: BAR IS 792), 227–233.
Domergue C 1990, Les Mines de la Péninsule Ibérique dans l’Antiquité Romaine (Rome).
Gómez-Ramos P 1999, Obtención de metales en la Prehistoria de la Península Ibérica (Oxford: BAR IS 753).
Hodgkinson J S and Tebutt C F 1985, ‘A fieldwork study of the Romano-British iron industry in the Weald of southern England’, in P T Craddock and M J Hughes (eds), Furnaces and Smelting Technology in Antiquity (London: British Museum Occasional Paper 48), 159–164.
López-Medina M J 1997, Espacio y territorio en el sureste peninsular: la presencia romana (Almería).
López-Medina M J, Román-Díaz M P, Martínez-Padilla C, Pérez-Carpena A D, Aguayo P, Rovira S and Suárez N 2001, ‘Proyecto Alto Almanzora. Tercera campaña de prospección arqueológica superficial’, Anuario Arqueológico de Andalucía 1997. Actividades Sistemáticas y Puntuales. Informes y Memorias (Sevilla), 20–24.
Martínez-Padilla C, Aguayo P, Román-Díaz M P, López-Medina M J, Pérez-Carpena A D, Sánchez-Quirante L, and Ramos-Díaz J R 1997, ‘Proyecto Alto Almanzora. Primera fase’, Anuario Arqueológico de Andalucía 1993. Actividades Sistemáticas. Informes y Memorias (Sevilla), 7–13.
Rodríguez-Díaz A and Pavón I 1999, El Poblado Protohistórico de Aliseda (Cáceres). Campaña de 1995 (Mérida). Román-Díaz M P et al 1999, 7–15
Rovira S and Gómez-Ramos P 1999, ‘Arqueometalurgia del hierro de época orientalizante y tardorrepublicana en Aliseda (Cáceres)’, in A Rodríguez-Díaz and I Pavón (eds), El Poblado Protohistórico de Aliseda (Cáceres). Campaña de 1995 (Mérida), 220–33.
Sanz-Pérez E, Ruiz-Bustinza L, Sanz-Sánchez E, Enríquez J L and Calonge J J 2001, ‘La minería y metalurgia antigua del Moncayo: un horno de fundición de hierro en el estrecho de Araviana, Sierra de Toranzo (Olvega, Soria)’, Celtiberia, 95, 33–63.
Schmidt R G, Ager C M and Gil J 1999, ‘A study of Roman mining and metallurgy and their environmental consequences at Plasenzuela, Extremadura, Spain’, in S M M Young, A M
Pollard, P Budd and R A Ixer (eds), Metals in Antiquity (Oxford: BAR IS 792), 234–242.
Schrüfer-Kolb I 1999, ‘Roman iron production in the East Midlands, England’, in S M M Young, A M Pollard, P Budd and R A Ixer (eds), Metals in Antiquity (Oxford: BAR IS 792), 227–233.
How to Cite
Los Callejones: a Roman Republican iron mining and smelting centre in the south east of the Iberian Peninsula. (2021). Historical Metallurgy, 38(1), 1-9. https://www.hmsjournal.org/index.php/home/article/view/249
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How to Cite
Los Callejones: a Roman Republican iron mining and smelting centre in the south east of the Iberian Peninsula. (2021). Historical Metallurgy, 38(1), 1-9. https://www.hmsjournal.org/index.php/home/article/view/249