An integrated geophysical and analytical appraisal of early iron-working: three case studies
Abstract
Geophysical surveys are a standard method of site assessment. However very few are used specifically to evaluate structures associated with metallurgical activity. Routine geophysical surveys frequently encounter ironworking activity but this data is usually ignored as it tends to be excessively ‘noisy’ and difficult to interpret. A combination of geophysical surveying techniques were applied to three iron-smelting sites in North Yorkshire to investigate the effectiveness of geophysics in identifying iron-working activity.
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References
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Yeoman P A and Stewart I J 1992, ‘A Romano-British Villa Estate at Mantles Green, Amersham, Buckinghamshire’, Records of Buckinghamshire 34, 107-82.
Astill G G 1993, A Medieval Industrial Complex and its Landscape: the Metalworking Watermills and Workshops of Bordesley Abbey (London: CBA Research Report 92). ??
Bartlett A D H 1987, Geophysical Survey at Walton-le-Dale, Lancashire 1983, Ancient Monuments Laboratory Report 228/87.
Bartlett K S 1971, ‘Middlestown, West Riding’, Yorkshire Archaeological Register, 199.??
Batt C, Fear S and Heron C 1995, ‘The Role of Magnetic Susceptibility as a Geophysical Survey Technique: a Site Assessment at High Cayton, North Yorkshire’, Archaeological
Prospection 2, 179-96.
Coppack G 1986, ‘Some Descriptions of Rievaulx Abbey in 1538-39: The Disposition of a Major Cistercian Precinct in the Early Sixteenth Century’, Journal of the British Archaeological Association 139, 100-133.
Crew P 1990, ‘Crawcwellt West, Merioneth’, Archeology in Wales 30, 46-7.
Crew P and Crew S (eds) 1997, Early Iron-working in Europe - Abstracts (Maentwrog: Plas Tan y Bwlch Occasional Paper 3).
David A 1982, Mantles Green, Amersham, Ancient Monuments Laboratory Report 11/82.
Fluck P 1990, ‘Le Samson: Ateliers et Habitats d’une Mine D’Argent du XVIeme SiËcle’, Pierres et Terre 34, 116-9.
Gaffney C F and Gater J A 1993, ‘Practice and methods in the application of geophysical techniques in archaeology’, in J Hunter and I Ralston (eds), Archaeological resource management in the UK: an introduction (Stroud), 205-14.
Goldenberg G 1990, ‘Die Montanarchaologische Prospektion - Methoden und Ergebnisse’, Freiburger Universitatsblatter 109, 85-113.
Grandemange J 1994, Le Samson: Ateliers et Habitats d’une Mine D’Argent du 16eme Siëcle (Paris).
Hayes R H 1978, ‘Early Iron working sites in North East Yorkshire’, Historical Metallugy 12(1), 18-26.
Hemmingway J E 1974, ‘Jurassic’, in D H Raynor and J E Hemmingway (eds), The Geology and Mineral Resources of Yorkshire (Leeds), 161-223.
Jones G D B and Shotter D C A 1988, Roman Lancaster. Rescue Archaeology in an Historic City 1970-75 (Manchester: Brigantia Monograph 1).
McDonnell G 1972, ‘An Account of the Iron Industry in Upper Ryedale and Bilsdale, c1150-1650’, Ryedale Historian 6, 23-48.
McDonnell G 1986, Classification of Early Ironworking Slags, PhD thesis, Aston University.
McDonnell G 1995, Geophysical techniques applied to early metalworking sites (London: HMS Archaeology Datasheet 4).
McDonnell J (ed) 1963, A History of Helmsley, Rievaulx and District (York).
McDonnell J 1985, Bilsdale 1145-1645: The Evolution of a North Yorkshire Dale, MA dissertation, Department of History, University of York.
Mills A and McDonnell J G 1992, The identification and analysis of the hammerscale from Burton Dassett, Warwickshire, Ancient Monuments Laboratory Report 47/92.
Money J H 1974, ‘Medieval Iron-workings in Minepit Wood, Rotherfield, Sussex’, Medieval Archaeology 15, 86-111.
Percy J 1864, Metallurgy. Vol II: Iron and Steel (London).
Pratt C 1969, The Monastic Grange in Medieval England: A Reassessment (London).
Schuber H R 1957, History of the British Iron and Steel Industry from c.450B.C. to A.D. 1775 (London).
Smekalova T, Voss O and Abrahamsen N 1993, ‘Magnetic investigation of iron-smelting centres at Snorup, Denmark’, Archaeologia Polona 31, 83-103.
Tholander E and Blomgren S 1986, ‘Some aspects of the origin of the blast furnace’, Historical Metallurgy 20(2), 79-86.
Tylecote R F 1986, The Prehistory of Metallurgy in the British Isles (London).
Vernon R W 1995, Development of Geophysical Techniques for Studying Early Iron Smelting Sites, MSc dissertation, Department of Archaeological Sciences, University of Bradford.
Vernon R W, G McDonnell and A Schmidt in press, ‘The Geophysical Evaluation of an Iron-working Complex: Rievaulx and Environs, North Yorkshire’, Archaeological Prospection.
Yeoman P A and Stewart I J 1992, ‘A Romano-British Villa Estate at Mantles Green, Amersham, Buckinghamshire’, Records of Buckinghamshire 34, 107-82.
How to Cite
An integrated geophysical and analytical appraisal of early iron-working: three case studies. (2022). Historical Metallurgy, 32(2), 67-81. https://www.hmsjournal.org/index.php/home/article/view/307
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How to Cite
An integrated geophysical and analytical appraisal of early iron-working: three case studies. (2022). Historical Metallurgy, 32(2), 67-81. https://www.hmsjournal.org/index.php/home/article/view/307